North Africa's Berbers

Berbers are genetically one of the oldest identifiable populations in Africa, with continuous presence since the late Paleolithic (~15–20 kya); their signature markers today are mtDNA U6 + H/V

 

50–70% of Berber maternal lines (depending on the group) belong to haplogroups that are today very common in Europe (H, H1, H3, V, U5b, plus the home-grown U6), but they are NOT from recent European migration.

mtDNA (mother-lines): A big chunk is H, H1, H3, V, and U6 — these haplogroups are common in Europe today, but in Berbers they are almost entirely from the ancient North African population that lived 15,000–30,000 years ago, not from recent European women moving south.

 

 What actually happened (current consensus):

~30–40 kya: a small founding population of early modern humans carrying basal U (and probably pre-H) lived somewhere around the Strait of Gibraltar / NW Africa–Iberia zone when the climate was still decent.

  • 25–20 kya (Last Glacial Maximum): Europe gets brutally cold → many hunter-gatherers in Iberia and southern Europe are pushed south or die out.
  • North Africa (especially Morocco, Algeria) becomes a refuge. The people who were already there (or moved in from Iberia) survive and expand.
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    In that North African refuge:

    • U6 evolves locally from an ancestral U lineage.
    • The H, V, and U5b lineages that will later dominate Europe also survive and diversify in North Africa too.

     

    • After the Ice Age ends (~12–15 kya), some of these lineages back-migrate into Europe (especially into Iberia), which is why Spain, Portugal, and the Basques still have elevated U6 and very old North-African-like mtDNA today.

    So the direction was mostly Ice Age Europe → North Africa (refuge), then later North Africa → repopulating parts of Europe.

     

     Definitely linked to ''barbar'' and bal bal statues. 

     

     

     

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